Flying with Medical Devices: The Complete 2025 Guide -

Air travel can be stressful enough without worrying about your medical devices. Whether it’s a CPAP machine, an insulin pump, or a portable oxygen concentrator, knowing how to get through airport security smoothly—and what to expect when traveling internationally—can make all the difference.

TSA has specific rules for CPAPs, insulin pumps, and oxygen concentrators, while international travel customs checkpoints may require extra documentation. Airlines differ, too. Some allow medical equipment as an extra carry-on, but others need advance notice.

This guide will cover everything you need to know about flying with medical devices, including TSA screening procedures, airline policies, customs regulations, and essential packing tips. We’ll also tell you how to store spare batteries, use medical equipment in flight, and prepare the right documentation for both domestic and international travel. Let’s get to it!

1. TSA Rules for Flying with Medical Devices (Domestic Flights – USA)

1.1 Understanding TSA Guidelines

Travelers with medical devices need to be aware of TSA’s specific rules and exemptions to ensure a smooth security screening experience. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) allows most medical devices on flights, but some require extra screening or advance notification to the airline.

What counts as a medical device? TSA considers CPAP machines, insulin pumps, glucose monitors, portable oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, catheters, and mobility aids as medical devices. Even items like feeding tubes, TENS units, and prosthetics fall under this category.
Do medical devices count as carry-on luggage? No, medical devices do not count toward carry-on limits. TSA and most airlines allow one extra medical bag for free, provided it contains only medical items.
TSA’s liquids rule exemption: If your medical device requires liquids (saline, sterile water, cooling gel, etc.), they are exempt from TSA’s 3.4-ounce liquid limit. However, you must declare them at security, and they may require additional screening.

1.2 Security Screening Process for Medical Equipment

Medical devices often require separate screening at TSA checkpoints, but knowing what to expect can make the process easier. If verbal communication is a challenge, print out and fill in this TSA Medical Device ID card, and show it to the screening officer when you reach the security checkpoint.

Screening procedures vary based on whether your medical device is external (such as a CPAP machine, insulin pump, or portable oxygen concentrator) or internal (such as a pacemaker or implanted defibrillator). Depending on your situation, please check out TSA rules for external devices and TSA rules for implants and internal devices.

TSA Screening for External Devices (CPAPs, insulin pumps, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, glucose monitors, TENS units)

Keep medical equipment easily accessible in your carry-on for inspection.
Inform TSA officers before screening that you are carrying medical equipment.
If your device contains removable batteries, keep them installed in the device or stored in a protective case to prevent short circuits.
CPAP machines must be removed from their carrying case and placed in a separate bin for screening, unless inside a TSA-compliant CPAP bag.

TSA Screening for Internal Devices (pacemakers, implanted defibrillators, spinal cord stimulators, cochlear implants)

Inform TSA officers that you have an implanted medical device before entering the body scanner.
Many implanted devices contain metal and may trigger an alarm. If this happens, you may be asked to undergo additional screening.
If you cannot go through a standard metal detector due to your implanted device, request an alternative screening method such as a pat-down.
Always carry a medical device ID card or a doctor’s note as an extra precaution, though it is not required.

What happens if a device triggers an alarm?

External devices, like insulin pumps or glucose monitors, should not be removed during screening. Politely inform TSA officers that removal is medically unsafe.
TSA may swab the device for explosives or conduct a manual inspection instead of requiring removal.
If additional screening is required, you can request a private screening with a companion present.

TSA PreCheck and disability assistance

TSA PreCheck allows travelers with medical devices to skip removing laptops, shoes, and belts, but medical devices may still be screened separately.
If you need extra assistance, TSA Cares offers a dedicated officer to help you through security. Call 72 hours in advance to arrange support.

1.3 Documentation for TSAC

While TSA does not require a doctor’s note, carrying medical documentation can help reduce delays and unnecessary screening.

Should you bring a doctor’s note?
- Although not mandatory, a doctor’s letter explaining the necessity of your medical device can be useful if TSA questions your equipment.
- A good letter should include your name, condition, list of medical devices, and doctor’s contact information.
What to do if TSA questions or wants to inspect your medical device?
- If TSA officers are unfamiliar with your medical device, politely explain its function.
- If your device must remain attached to your body, request alternative screening methods instead of removal.
- If you are uncomfortable with public screening, you have the right to request a private screening with a companion.

2. Customs & International Travel Rules for Medical Devices

2.1 Understanding Customs Regulations by Country

When traveling internationally, customs regulations for medical devices vary depending on the destination. Some countries have strict import controls, requiring documentation or pre-approval before arrival. Others may impose restrictions on battery-powered medical equipment, devices that emit radio frequencies, or oxygen concentrators.

Why some countries restrict medical devices:
- Devices with wireless signals (like insulin pumps and pacemakers) may interfere with communication systems
- Portable oxygen concentrators and CPAP machines may require import permits in some countries
- Medical devices with lithium-ion batteries are often regulated due to fire risk concerns
- Some prescription medical equipment may be classified as controlled substances and could be subject to seizure
Major destinations and their medical device regulations:
- European Union (EU): Medical devices are generally allowed, but some require pre-clearance if they contain high-capacity lithium batteries
- United Kingdom (UK): Most devices are permitted, but oxygen tanks and large medical equipment must be declared
- Canada: Follows similar policies as the U.S. but requires import permits for certain oxygen devices
- Australia: Requires travelers to carry a doctor’s note for medical equipment and has strict lithium battery limits
- Japan and China: Some Asian countries restrict high-powered battery devices and require government pre-approval for portable oxygen concentrators
- Middle East (UAE, Saudi Arabia): Travelers may need import permits for CPAP machines, oxygen concentrators, and insulin pumps

KEEN TIP: Before you fly internationally, check your destination’s customs website for specific medical device rules. Some countries require you to submit forms weeks before arrival

How to check a country’s medical device entry rules
- Visit the official customs or embassy website of your destination country
- Look for regulations from health ministries or customs departments about importing medical devices
- For European travel, check EU Medical Device Regulations (MDR)
- For Australia, visit the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
- For Japan, check the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)

KEEN TIP: If you’re unsure whether your medical device is allowed, email the airline or destination country’s consulate before your trip. A written confirmation can save you trouble at customs

2.2 Required Documentation for International Travel

Customs officials may request additional documentation before allowing travelers to enter with medical devices. Having the right paperwork ensures a smooth customs clearance process and prevents delays or confiscation.

Customs declarations: When and how to declare medical devices
- Some countries require travelers to declare medical devices on arrival forms, especially if they contain batteries, oxygen, or electronics
- If asked about medications or medical equipment, always declare them to avoid potential penalties
- For devices requiring import permits, keep printed approval documentation handy

KEEN TIP: Declare medical equipment even if it seems unnecessary. It’s better to be upfront than risk fines or confiscation

Getting a doctor’s letter for border control
- A doctor’s letter should include
  - Traveler’s name and passport number
  - List of medical conditions requiring the device
  - Device name, purpose, and necessity for travel
  - Doctor’s contact details for verification
- Some countries require the letter to be stamped by an official health authority

KEEN TIP: Make sure your doctor’s letter is dated within the last 6 months. If you’re flying through multiple countries, get your doctor’s note translated into at least one widely spoken language like Spanish or French

2.3 Bringing Batteries & Spare Parts Internationally

Many countries have strict limits on lithium-ion batteries, spare parts, and medical accessories. Violating these rules can lead to delays at customs or confiscation of essential medical supplies.

Customs rules on lithium-ion batteries for medical devices:
- Most airlines limit lithium-ion batteries to 100Wh per battery. Some allow 160Wh with airline approval
- All spare batteries must be in carry-on luggage (loose lithium batteries are banned from checked bags)
- Battery terminals should be covered with tape or stored in a fireproof battery case

KEEN TIP: Label spare batteries as “Medical Device Power Source” to reduce confusion at security checkpoints

Bringing spare CPAP masks, tubing, or insulin pump supplies:
- Most countries allow extra medical device parts, but customs officers may question excessive quantities
- Spare parts should be packed in original packaging and clearly labeled as medical supplies
- For insulin pumps, carry extra infusion sets, syringes, and glucose sensors in labeled bags

KEEN TIP: If traveling for an extended period, bring a copy of your prescription in case you need to replace medical supplies abroad.

3. Packing Medical Devices for Air Travel

3.1 Choosing the Right Carry-On Bag

Selecting the right carry-on bag for medical devices is essential for both TSA and customs compliance. Some airlines allow an extra bag for medical equipment without counting it toward standard carry-on limits, but this policy varies by airline.

TSA-approved and customs-compliant medical storage bags are designed with separate compartments for devices, accessories, and medications. Some have built-in padding to protect fragile equipment.
Some airlines waive carry-on limits for medical items, but you must notify them in advance. If a waiver is granted, it’s best to bring written confirmation to avoid issues at the gate.
Hard-shell cases or padded medical bags provide extra protection for sensitive equipment during turbulence and security screening.
For easy access at TSA checkpoints, store medical devices in a top compartment or a removable pouch.

KEEN TIP: Attach a medical equipment tag to your bag that clearly labels it as a medical device. This can reduce confusion at security and boarding gates.

3.2 Packing Strategies for Common Medical Devices

Medical devices should be packed securely to prevent damage and ensure they are easily accessible for TSA inspection.

CPAP machines must be removed from their case for X-ray screening unless in a TSA-approved CPAP travel bag. Bring a clear plastic bag to protect it from security bins. To avoid contamination, pack extra filters and mask wipes.
Portable oxygen concentrators must be FAA-approved for in-flight use, and many airlines require notification in advance. Some models have removable batteries that should be packed separately.
Insulin pumps and glucose monitors should remain attached to the body if possible. If TSA requests removal, ask for alternative screening such as a swab test or pat-down. Carry insulin in its original packaging with a prescription to avoid customs issues.
Mobility aids like wheelchairs, canes, and walkers are usually allowed as additional checked or carry-on items. Airlines provide free assistance with mobility devices, but advance notice is recommended for smooth boarding and handling.

KEEN TIP: If traveling with a CPAP, consider a lightweight, travel-sized model to reduce baggage weight and make security screening easier.

3.3 Battery Safety & Power Backup

Batteries for medical devices are subject to strict regulations by both TSA and international airlines. Understanding these rules can prevent confiscation and ensure a steady power supply during long flights.

Extra batteries should be packed in carry-on luggage, as loose lithium batteries are prohibited in checked baggage. Store them in their original packaging or a protective battery case.
TSA allows lithium-ion batteries up to 100Wh, with some airlines permitting up to 160Wh with prior approval. Travelers should check airline-specific battery restrictions before flying.
Airport charging stations are available at most major airports, but not all gates have accessible power outlets. Carrying a portable power bank or extra battery pack is recommended for long-haul flights.

KEEN TIP: Label spare batteries with their watt-hour rating and medical use to avoid confusion during TSA or customs inspections.

4. Navigating Air Travel with Medical Devices

4.1 Notifying Airlines in Advance

Many airlines have specific policies regarding medical devices, and advance notification can help prevent issues at check-in or security. Some devices, such as portable oxygen concentrators, require airline approval before use on a flight.

Notify your airline at least 48 to 72 hours before departure if you plan to bring or use a medical device during the flight. Some airlines may require documentation, such as a doctor’s statement or proof that the device is FAA-approved.
Most airlines allow medical devices as an extra carry-on item without counting it toward baggage limits, but it’s always best to confirm this in advance.
If you need disability or mobility assistance at the airport, request these services when booking your ticket or call the airline ahead of time to ensure they are arranged.

KEEN TIP: Always get confirmation in writing when informing your airline about a medical device. Print a copy or save it on your phone in case you need to show it at check-in.

4.2 Boarding & In-Flight Considerations

Medical devices should be easily accessible during the flight, whether they are used in the cabin or stored. Understanding airline policies on storage and usage can prevent last-minute problems.

Most airlines require that medical devices be stored under the seat in front of you rather than in the overhead bin, especially if you need to access them mid-flight. If the device is too large, notify the airline in advance to arrange storage.
Some medical devices, such as CPAP machines, insulin pumps, and portable oxygen concentrators, can be used in-flight if they meet airline safety standards. However, some airlines require these devices to be battery-operated, as power outlets are not always available.
If an airline refuses to allow the use of a medical device during the flight, stay calm and ask to speak with the head flight attendant. If the issue remains unresolved, document the incident and file a complaint with the airline after landing.

KEEN TIP: Carry extra batteries for any device you plan to use in-flight, even if the airline says power outlets are available. Outlets may not work on every seat.

4.3 What to Do If TSA or Customs Confiscates Your Device

Most medical devices are allowed through TSA and customs checkpoints, but in some cases, security officers may question or seize them. I’ve seen this happen and knowing how to handle these situations can help you avoid unnecessary disruptions.

Why are some devices seized?

TSA may confiscate a medical device if it triggers an alarm or if the officer is unfamiliar with the equipment. If this happens, ask for a supervisor and request alternative screening before surrendering the device.
Customs officials may seize medical equipment if it lacks proper documentation or if the country considers it a restricted item. If your device is taken, request a written explanation and an official receipt.
If your device is lost, damaged, or taken at a security checkpoint, check if the airport or airline has emergency medical rentals or device replacements available. Some major airports have pharmacies or medical supply stores with compatible equipment.

What happens if customs seizes your medical device:

Request an official seizure receipt or written explanation of why the device was confiscated
Some countries allow appeals or exemption requests, but this can take days or weeks
Contact the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate if you need help recovering or replacing a confiscated device

KEEN TIP: If your device is taken, ask for a temporary medical waiver while you arrange a replacement. Some officers allow short-term exemptions. Contact your embassy or consulate immediately as they can help expedite a solution or assist with replacing the device.

5. Best Travel Accessories for Medical Devices

5.1 Must-Have TSA & Customs-Approved Travel Bags

Traveling with medical devices requires a secure, well-organized bag that meets TSA and international customs standards.

TSA-compliant storage cases are designed with separate compartments to hold medical devices, accessories, and documentation. Some models offer padded protection and easy-access pockets for airport security screening.
Customs-friendly medical travel bags should be clearly labeled as containing medical equipment to prevent unnecessary inspections. Some international travelers prefer transparent pouches for quick verification.
Hard-shell cases or padded medical bags provide extra protection for fragile medical equipment, reducing the risk of damage during transit.

KEEN TIP: Use a TSA-compliant bag with a removable laptop-style compartment for quick access at security checkpoints.

5.2 Top Travel-Friendly Battery Packs

Medical devices that require battery power must comply with strict airline and customs regulations.

FAA-approved battery packs for CPAP machines, oxygen concentrators, and insulin pumps must typically be under 100Wh. Some airlines allow up to 160Wh with prior approval.
Travelers should pack spare batteries in carry-on luggage, as lithium-ion batteries are not allowed in checked baggage. Terminals should be taped or stored in protective cases to prevent short circuits.
Some airlines require passengers to carry enough battery power for 150% of the flight duration in case in-seat power is unavailable.

KEEN TIP: Label all spare batteries with their watt-hour rating and medical use to avoid confusion at airport security.

5.3 Travel Insurance for Medical Device Users

Travel insurance can provide coverage if a medical device is lost, stolen, or confiscated during travel.

Not all travel insurance policies cover medical devices, so travelers should look for plans that specifically include coverage for medical equipment.
The best medical travel insurance options often include reimbursement for lost or damaged devices, emergency device rentals, and expedited shipping for replacements.
Some policies offer 24/7 assistance for replacing medical equipment internationally, ensuring travelers can access essential devices even if theirs is lost or delayed.

KEEN TIP: Before purchasing travel insurance, check the fine print to confirm that medical equipment is covered and what documentation is required for claims.

6. Common Mistakes Travelers Make with Medical Devices

Even experienced travelers can run into trouble when flying with medical equipment. Here are some of the most common mistakes I see—and how to avoid them.

6.1 Forgetting to Check Battery Watt-Hours Before Flying

Many airlines limit lithium-ion batteries to 100Wh (watt-hours) in carry-on luggage. Some allow up to 160Wh with prior approval.

KEEN TIP: Always check your device’s battery rating and get written approval from the airline if it’s over 100Wh.

6.2 Assuming Every Airline Has the Same Rules

Policies vary between airlines, especially for portable oxygen concentrators, CPAP machines, and battery-powered devices. Confirm your airline’s policy at least 7 days before flying, and print or save it to your phone.

6.3 Not Declaring Devices or Batteries at Customs

Some countries require import permits for medical devices, and batteries may trigger additional screening.
Declare your devices on arrival forms and label spare batteries as “Medical Device Power Source.”

6.4 Forgetting a Doctor’s Letter (Especially International Flights)

Even though TSA doesn’t require it, many customs officials and airline staff ask for documentation.
Bring a recent doctor’s letter (dated within 6 months) listing your medical condition and necessary devices.

6.5 Overpacking Batteries or Medical Supplies Without Labeling

Too many unmarked spare parts or batteries can raise suspicions during inspection.
KEEN TIP: Keep everything in original packaging when possible. Clearly label items like CPAP masks, tubing, and batteries.

6.6 Not Booking TSA Cares or PreCheck

If you’re nervous about security screening or need extra time, skipping this service can lead to delays.
Call TSA Cares at least 72 hours before your flight to arrange assistance at security checkpoints.

6.7 Packing Essential Devices in Checked Luggage

Checked bags can get lost or delayed—never pack essential medical devices or spare batteries there.
Keep all life-sustaining equipment in your carry-on and bring enough battery power for 150% of your flight time.

7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)

7.1 Can I fly with a medical device that is not FDA-approved?

Medical devices do not need to be FDA-approved to be carried on a flight, but they must comply with TSA and airline regulations. Some airlines may have additional restrictions on non-approved devices, especially if they emit signals or require a power source. Always check with the airline in advance if you are unsure about a specific device.

7.2 Are there any medical devices that are completely banned from flights?

While most medical devices are allowed on planes, devices containing compressed gas canisters, high-powered magnets, or unapproved radio transmitters may be restricted. Some older oxygen tanks and certain medical alert devices with built-in emergency signaling may require airline approval or be prohibited in carry-on luggage.

7.3 Can I request a private TSA screening for my medical device?

Yes, travelers can request a private screening if they do not want their medical device inspected in public. TSA officers will accommodate this request and allow a companion to be present during the screening. It is recommended to arrive at the airport early if you anticipate needing extra time for screening procedures.

7.4 What should I do if my medical device gets damaged by TSA screening?

If TSA handling causes damage to a medical device, report it immediately at the airport by filing a claim with TSA. It is also recommended to document the damage with photos and keep all receipts related to repair or replacement. Some airlines and travel insurance policies may cover damages if reported right away.

7.5 Can I bring extra tubing, masks, or accessories for my CPAP or oxygen concentrator?

Yes, spare parts and accessories for medical devices are allowed in both carry-on and checked luggage. However, it is best to carry these items in your carry-on to avoid loss or damage. Accessories should be stored in their original packaging when possible to clearly identify them as medical supplies.

7.6 How can I prove my medical device is necessary for travel?

A doctor’s note or medical necessity letter can help verify that your device is essential for your health. While not always required, having documentation in English (and translated if traveling internationally) can prevent delays at security or customs checkpoints. Some travelers also carry a copy of their prescription for additional verification.

7.7 Can I use my medical device in airport lounges before my flight?

Most airport lounges allow the use of personal medical devices, including CPAP machines and nebulizers, but they may not have accessible power outlets for all devices. It’s a good idea to bring a backup battery if you plan to use a device in the lounge before boarding your flight.

7.8 Can I Use My Medical Device in Airport Lounges or on the Plane?

Most lounges allow personal devices like CPAP machines or nebulizers, but they may lack accessible outlets. Onboard, FAA-approved devices can typically be used in-flight if battery-operated.

7.9 Do I Need to Notify My Airline About My Medical Device?

Yes, especially for devices like portable oxygen concentrators. Some airlines require 48-72 hours’ notice and doctor’s clearance.

KEEN TIP: Get confirmation in writing from your airline and carry it with you.

7.10 Can TSA Force Me to Remove My Medical Device?

No. If your device is attached (insulin pump, glucose monitor), TSA officers cannot force you to remove it. They will use alternative screening methods like swabbing or pat-downs.

7.11 What Happens If My Device Is Confiscated at Customs?

If your medical device is seized, request an official seizure receipt and contact the nearest U.S. embassy. Check out our article Can Customs Take Your Medication? to learn the to take. You may also need to purchase a local replacement so know where to find medical supply stores at your destination in advance, just in case.

7.12 What Medical Devices Require Pre-Approval Before Flying?

Portable oxygen concentrators often need advance airline approval. Some countries require import permits for CPAP machines, insulin pumps, and other devices. Check the airline and country-specific regulations at least two weeks before your trip.

7.13 Should I Bring Spare Parts for My Medical Device?

Absolutely. Bring spare tubing, masks, batteries, filters, and sensors for your equipment. Pack extras in your carry-on and label them clearly as “medical supplies.”

8. Wrap Up

Flying with a medical device is more than just getting through TSA and customs and country rules—you also need to get familiar with your airline’s policies and how to properly pack and power your essential equipment.

Many travelers assume that a doctor’s note alone is enough, but some countries require advance approvals, and certain airlines have restrictions on battery-powered devices. Being unprepared can lead to delays, unexpected fees, or even having a device confiscated at customs.

Key Tips:

Airlines generally allow medical devices as extra carry-on items, but not all will accommodate in-flight use without prior notification. Reach out to your airline via their app or call them at least 72 hours before your flight.
Improper packing of lithium batteries is one of the most common reasons medical travelers run into issues at security. Never pack them in checked bags!
For international travel, the biggest challenges are customs restrictions and language barriers when explaining a medical device’s purpose. Carrying a translated doctor letter can prevent unnecessary scrutiny at border checkpoints.
Find out if you need a permit to bring your device into your destination. You don’t want to risk confiscation. If you’re a US citizen, reach out to the US Embassy in the location your are headed to for more details.

Flying with medical devices is pretty common today. Most TSA and customs agents have seen them all; you just want to follow specific regulations where they exist. Remember, planning makes all the difference between a routine airport experience and an avoidable and stressful delay.